Nanotechnology is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally it deals with yhe structures of the size 100 nm or smaller in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Nanotechnology engineering is a multi-disciplinary engineering field, which draws from and benefits areas such as materials science and engineering, chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine.

Emerging technologies comprise with cutting-edge developments, and they represent contemporary advances and innovation around the 21st century in various fields of technology.

Biotechnological engineering (or bioengineering) is a branch of engineering that focuses on biotechnologies and biological science. It includes different disciplines such as biochemical engineering, biomedical engineering, bio-process engineering, biosystem engineering, etc.

Manufacturing is the use of machines, tools and labour to make things for use or sale. It is the most commonly applied to industrial production in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. This manufacturing sector is closely connected with engineering and industrial design.

Waste oil is defined as any petroleum-based or synthetic oil that, through use or handling, has become unsuitable for its original purpose due to the presence of impurities or loss of original properties. The term "waste oil" means the used oil (or oil) that is inappropriately mixed with hazardous waste, or disposed of, rather than recycled (re-refined, burned for energy recovery, etc.).

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, and other organic compounds, that is found in rock formations beneath the earth's surface.

Four different effects (mechanisms) are recognized for such depositions. One or more of these mechanisms would describe the organic depositions that may occur during oil production, transportation or processing. The degree of dispersion of heavy organics in petroleum fluids depends upon the chemical composition of the petroleum.

The fouling material can consist of either living organisms or a non-living substance. It is usually distinguished from other surface-growth phenomena in that it occurs on a surface of a component, system or plant performing a defined and useful function, and that the fouling process impedes or interferes with this function.

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. The corrosion rate in high temperature sulfuric acid is magnitudes lower than the corrosion rates of Hastelloy, titanium and zirconium. Sulfuric acid in concentrations between 10% and 90% is known to be especially corrosive.

The nature of offshore pipelines dictates that the most cost effective and reliable method of providing the CP component is the use of zinc (Zn) or aluminum (Al) alloy bracelet anodes.

Many polymers, especially step-growth polymers, are degraded by specific chemicals such as strong acids and strong alkalis. They are made by condensation polymerization, so degradation is a reversal of the synthesis reaction.

Most of the ceramic materials are almost entirely immune to corrosion. The strong ionic and/or covalent bonds that hold them together leave very little free chemical energy in the structure; they can be thought of as already corroded. Polymer degradation is due to a wide array of complex and often poorly-understood physiochemical processes.

Corrosion is the disintegration of a material into its constituent atoms due to chemical reactions with its surroundings. This means a loss of electrons of metals reacting with water and oxygen. The serviceability of structures, technical plants and equipment requires that materials are sufficiently resistant to corrosion in order to exclude failure during their planned design life span.

Platinum (Pt) is a valuable precious metal that is sought all over the world. Its brilliance as well as its malleability, ductility and resistance to corrosion make platinum a highly popular choice for use in jewelry such as engagement rings and eternity rings. It is also used in laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and catalytic converters.