Manufacturing |
Manufacturing is the use of machines, tools and labour to make things for use or sale. It is the most commonly applied to industrial production in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such finished goods may be used for manufacturing other, more complex products. The manufacturing sector is closely connected with engineering and industrial design. Manufacturing effects on all types of economic systems. In a free market economy, manufacturing is usually directed toward the mass production of products for sale to consumers at a profit. In a collectivist economy, manufacturing is more frequently directed by the state to supply a centrally planned economy. In free market economies, manufacturing occurs under some degree of government regulation. According to some economists, manufacturing is a wealth-producing sector of an economy, whereas a service sector tends to be wealth-consuming. Emerging technologies have provided some new growth in advanced manufacturing employment opportunities in the Manufacturing Belt in the United States. Manufacturing provides important material support for national infrastructure and for national defense. Manufacturing systems
English system of manufacturing American system of manufacturing The American system contributed to efficiency gains through division of labour. Division of labuor helped manufacturing transition from small artisanal shops to early factories. Key pieces of evidence supporting efficiency gains include: increase in firm size, evidence of returns to scale, and an increase in non-specialized labor. The need for firms to train uneducated people to perform only one thing in the productivity chain allowed for the use of non-specialized labor. Women and children were employed more frequently within larger firms, especially those producing furniture and clothing. Manufacturing categories
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