InPro 6880i is a new optical oxygen sensor. It can be used in small, autoclavable research bioreactors as well as in full production-scale vessels.

The engineering challenge of synthetic biology lies in the design of genetic networks that will rewire cells to produce the expected molecules in a timely way.

The two sources of bitumen in Alberta and Venezuela
Unlike conventional crude oil, bitumen does not flow freely. It is heavier than water and more viscous than molasses. The two largest known sources of bitumen in Alberta and Venezuela, where each contains more petroleum than the entire proven conventional oil reserves of the Persian Gulf.

Microbiological organisms (or, microorganisms) in cooling tower systems are categorized into three groups:

• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Algae

Corrosion at pipe supports is one of the leading causes of process piping failures. Beam supports and pipe saddles create crevices, where water is trapped and held in constant contact with the pipe surface.

I-Rod Pipe Supports are specified by major operators because of their reliability and proven corrosion prevention capabilities. In above 18 years, there has not been one reported failure of I-Rod (in the Neptune SPAR).

In the use of sensors for direct corrosion measurements, it is important that the sensors are actually representative of the structure or component that is being monitored.

Gas separation membranes for separating components from a gas stream are gaining increasing popularity. They are often used to separate CO2 from hydrocarbon gases, hydrogen and ammonia.

It is important to perform effective risk analysis and to know site and extent of biofilm growth in order to successfully implement anti-fouling strategies, .

Pipe failures resulting from Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC) have been widely recognized in petrochemical, gas and nuclear power industries. Recently this phenomenon has been associated with failures in fire protection systems (FPS).

The risk of Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC) can be virtually eliminated by control of water quality, sterilisation of the system, use of biocides (in non-drinking water systems) and improved system design and operation.

Corrosive substances that present potential problems should be studied in detail to determine the nature and seriousness of the problems they present. A large part of this evaluation should consist of air sampling conducted by an industrial hygienist or a person trained in air sampling techniques. The possibility of exposing employees to corrosives should be evaluated to determine the needs for controls and personal protective equipment.

Microbial corrosion is a serious problem in the petroleum industry. The corrosion of offshore structures, ships, pipes and electric systems is the main source of operational problems and economic loss. Several factors affect biofilm formation in metal surfaces.

The usability, lifetime and availability of many plants, especially in the chemical and petrochemical, oil and gas, pharmaceutical industries are greatly determined by the resistance to corrosion of the materials used.